into a powerful portable scanner that recognizes text automatically (OCR). Our results provide novel support for the key roles of rainfall event size and timing, in addition to total precipitation amount, as determinants of ecosystem function. Under Armour Backpack UA Hustle Sport Backpack-BLK - unisex ONE SIZE to ignite. Unique responses to different aspects of precipitation variability highlight the complexity of predicting how dryland ecosystems will be affected by climate change-induced shifts in rainfall patterns. Notably, eliminating variability in both event size and timing increased above-ground net primary productivity by 23%, consistent with reduced water stress in the dominant C 4 grass, while also reducing seasonal variability in soil CO 2 flux by 35%, reflecting lower seasonal variability in soil moisture. Removing variability in rainfall event size altered ecosystem dynamics more than a pattern of uniform event timing, but the largest impact occurred when variability in both were removed.net primary production and soil CO 2 flux), plant community composition and physiological responses of the dominant C 4 grass, Bouteloua gracilis. We measured responses of soil moisture, ecosystem carbon flux (e.g. Total precipitation amount was constant for all treatments. We experimentally assessed how these two aspects of rainfall variability impacted a semi-arid grassland ecosystem by altering an ambient precipitation pattern to eliminate variability in (a) rainfall event size (all events were made the same size), (b) rainfall event timing (all events were uniformly spaced in time) and (c) both. ![]() Here, we disentangle the effects of these different aspects of precipitation pattern on ecosystem dynamics. Both rainfall event size and timing are expected to be altered by climate change, but the relative responses of dryland ecosystems to changes in rainfall event size versus timing have not been resolved. Water-limited ecosystems are highly sensitive to not only precipitation amount, but also precipitation pattern, particularly variability in the size and timing of growing season rainfall events.Moreover, our model reveals nonlinear relationships involving size and optimum states of thermal and hydric functions, accounting for complexities that are unnoticeable by traditional, correlative investigations. All citations in the scite database to the paper are displayed, and users can filter results by classification (supporting, mentioning, contrasting), paper section (e.g., Introduction, Results), and the type of citing article (e.g., preprint, book, etc.). Water conservation is also identified as a potential mechanism for larger body sizes in dryer areas in wet-skinned ectotherms such as amphibians. The scite report page displays summary information about a given paper. Size differences in heat balance offer a mechanistic explanation for the pattern of increasing body size northwards, as well as for the associated decrease in species richness. ![]() ![]() Furthermore, because of the nonlinear decrease in EWL with increasing size, larger size allows reduction of water loss of small wet-skinned ectotherms in more evaporative environments. While large animals are more at risk of overheating in warm regions, all organisms, irrespective of body size, are constrained by low temperatures experienced at boreal latitudes. ![]() Large-bodied ectotherms (over 100 g) attain a slightly higher T b and conserve it for longer than small animals (5 g), owing to the lower convective heat dissipation and their greater thermal inertia. We projected geographically model predictions for different size classes to explore how body temperature ( T b) and cutaneous evaporative water loss (EWL) are influenced by body size at macroscales. Fix font size used on Windows for Asian language input methods which. We developed a biophysical model to derive heat balances and rates of water loss of lizard-like reptiles and anuran-like amphibians from microclimatic variables. Fixed SciTE on Windows user strip height when the system text scaling factor is. Theoretical model under current climatic conditions. I need() to use SciTE/Scintilla because (as far as I know) it is the only plain-text editor which can display different size fonts in the same text-file (e.g. Our aim here is to investigate what latitudinal body size gradients are expected to emerge from first biophysical principles regarding heat and water balances in terrestrial vertebrate ectotherms. In contrast to endotherms, the extent to which biophysical properties of ectotherms scale up into interspecific size gradients at macroecological scales remains elusive. Understanding the mechanisms behind broad-scale gradients in animal body size remains challenging.
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